The Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) are Authentic!

The names of those Muhadditheen (Scholars of Hadeeth) who have stated that the Ahaadith regarding Hadhrat Mahdi (AS) are Mutawaatir are listed hereunder:

1)      Haafiz-e-Hadith Hadhrat Abul Husain Muhammad Ibn Husain (RA)

2)      Al-Abri As-Sanjari (rahmatullahi alaih), the author of “Manaasib Shaafi” – passed away 363 A.H.

3)      Hadhrat Allamah Muhammad As-Safaarini (AS) –passed away 1188 A.H.

4)      Hadhrat Allamah Muhammad Al-Barzanji (RA) – passed away 1103 A.H.

5)      Hadhrat Allamah Qaadhi Muhammad Ibn Ali Ash-Shaukaani (RA) – passed away 1250 A.H.

6)      Hadhrat Allamah Siddiq Hassan Al-Qanuji (RA) – passed away 1307 A.H.

7)      Allamah Muhammad Bin Ja`far Al-Kitaabi – passed away 1347A.H.

Besides these there are numerous other Muhadditheen and Ulama who have cited Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS).

The Aimmah who have extracted Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS)

There are numeorus Aimmah-e-Hadith who have quoted Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) in their respective compilations of Ahaadith. Amongst them are:

1.      Imaam Abu Dawood (RA) has quoted Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) in his Sunan.

2.      Imaam Tirmidhi (RA) has listed Ahaadith re- garding Imaam Mahdi (AS) in his Jaam`i

3.      Imaam Ibn Maaja (RA) in his Sunan

4.      Imaam Nasai (RA)

5.      Imaam Ahmad Bin Hambal (RA) in his Masnad

6.      Imaam Ibn Hibbaan (RA) in his Saheeh

7.      Imaam Haakim (RA) in his Saheeh

8.      Imaam Abu Bakr Ibn Shaibah (RA) in his Musannaf

9.      Imaam Ibn Nuaim Ibn Hammaad (RA) in his Kitaabul Fitan

10.  Haafiz Abu Nuaim (RA) in his Kitaabul Mahdi

11.  Imaam Tabrani (RA) in Mu`jamul Kabeer, Mu`jamul Owsat, and Mu`jamus Sagheer

12.  Imaam DarQutni (RA)

13.  Allamah Al-Maarudi (RA) in his Kitaab Ma`rifatus Sahaabah

14.  Imaam Abu Ya`lah Al-Musali (RA)

15.  Imaam Al-Bazaaz (RA)

16.  Imaam Al-Haarith Ibn Abi Usaamah (RA)

17.  Hadhrat Allamah Khateeb Baghdaadi (RA) in his Kitaabs, Talkheesul Mutashaabeh and Al Muttafiq Wal Mutafarriq

18.  Hadhrat Allamah Ibn Asaakir (RA) in hisTaareekh

19.  Hadhrat Allamah Ibn Mandah (RA)

20.  Hadhrat Allamah Abul Hasan Al-Harbi (RA)

21.  Hadhrat Allamah Tamaam Raazi (RA)

22.  Hadhrat Allamah Ibn Jareer (RA)

23.  Hadhrat Imaam Abu Bakr Ibn Maghrabi (RA)

24.  Hadhrat Allama Abu Umar Ad Duwali (RA)

25.  Allamah Imaam Ad Dailami (RA)

26.  Allamah Abu Nuaim Al-Kaufi (RA)

27.  Allamah Imaam Abul Hasan Bin Al-Manaawi (RA)

28.  Imaam Baihaqi (RA)

29.  Imaam Ibn jauzi (RA)

30.  Imaam Yahya Bin Abdil Humaid Al-Hamaani (RA)

31.  Allamah Daryaani (RA)

32.  Allamah Ibn sa`ad (RA) in his Tabaqaat

33.  Allamah Ibn Khuzaima (RA)

34.  Allamah Imaam Al-Hasan Bin Sufyaan (RA)

35.  Allamah Imaam Umar Ibn Shaibah (RA)

36.  Imaam Abu U`waanah (RA)

The Kitaabs of the Muhadditheen regarding Imaam Mahdi (alayhis salaam)

There are numerous Ahaadith of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) re- garding the Imaam of the final era, Imaam Mahdi (AS), which have been narrated, either in passing or specifically, by various Muhadditheen. Hereunder we shall mention the names of a few Mu- hadditheen who have written Kitaabs dealing specifically with Imaam Mahdi (AS), or who have mentioned regarding him in their works:

1.      Imaam Abu Bakr Ibn Khaithamah Zaheer Bin Harb (RA), has, according to Allamah Ibn Khaldoon (RA), compiled Ahaadith dealing specifically with Imaam Mahdi (AS), in his work, Al-Ahaadithul Waaridah Fil Mahdi.

2.      Al-Imaamul Haafiz Abu Nuaim (RA) – his name was cited by Hadhrat Imaam Suyuti (RA) in his Kitaab, Al-Jaam`I-us-Sagheer and Al-Urful Wardi. Imaam Suyuti (RA) has added on to this, more Ahaadith and narrations.

3.      Allamah Suyuti (RA) has listed more than 200 Ahaadith and narrations regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS).

4.      Allamah Mar`i Ibn Yusuf Al Hambali (RA) [passed way 1303 A.H.) has compiled a very wide spectrum of Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) in his Ki- taab, Fawaaidul Fikr Fi Zuhooril Mahdiyil Muntadhir.

5.      Hadhrat Allamah Muhammad Al-Barzanji (RA) [Passed away 1103 A.H.] has also compiled many Ahaadith re- garding Imaam Mahdi (AS) in his Kitaab, Al- Ishaa’atul Ashraatis Saa’ah. He has also stated the Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) to be Mutawaatir.

6.      Allamah Qaadhi Muhammad Ibn Ali Ash-Shaukaani (RA) has written an entire Kitaab regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS), titled, At-Taudeehu Fi Tawaatur Ma Jaa`a Fil Mahdiyil Muntadhir Wad Dajaal Wal Maseeh. He has also stated the Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) to be Mutaawatir.

7.      Haafiz Amaadudeen Ibn Katheer (RA) in his Kitaab, Al Fitan Wal Malaahim, has dedicated an entire chapter wherein he has made an excellent discussion regarding Imaam Mahdi (alayhis salaam).

8.      Allamah Ibn Hajar Al Makki (RA) has written a detailed treatise in his Kitaab, Al-Qowlul Mukhtasar Fi Alamaatil Mahdiyil Muntadhir

9.      Hadhrat Allamah Ali Al Muttaqi Al Hindi (RA), the author of Kanzul Ummaal, has written a special treatise dealing with Imaam Mahdi (AS), which has been referred to by Allamah Barzanji (RA) in Al- Ishaa`at and by Hadhrat Mullah Ali Qaari (RA) in Mirqaat.

10.  Hadhrat Allamah Mullah Ali Qaari (RA) has di- lated in detail regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) in his Kitaab, Al-Mashribul Wardi Fi Math-habil Mahdi.

11.  Allamah Ameer Muhammad Ibn Ismail As-San`aani (RA) – [passed way 1182 A.H.], the author of Subulul Islam, has also shed much light on the coming of Imaam Mahdi (AS) and details thereof.

Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) in the Saheehain:

There is no explicit and clear narration in the Saheehain regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS), however, the subject of some of their Ahaadith can be found, verbatim, in other Ahaadith Kitaabs, wherein these narrations (which appear in the Saheehain) are better understood and ‘interpreted’. Hereunder are some Ahaadith which appear in the Saheehain,

“It is reported from Abu Hurairah (radhiyallahu anhu) who said, ‘Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘What will be your con- dition when the son of Maryam descends and your Imaam will be amongst you?” [Narrated in Bukhari in the chapter, Nuzoolu Isaa Bin Maryam]

Imaam Muslim (RA) has narrated in his Saheeh, from Hadhrat Jaabir (radhiyallahu anhu), that he heard Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) saying, “A group from my Ummat will always be en- gaged in fighting upon the Haqq (and) they will be victorious until (just before the advent of) The Day of Qiyaamah… Isaa Ibn Maryam (alayhis salaam) will descend and their Ameer will say to him, ‘Come and lead our Salaat’. He will reply, ‘No! some of you are leaders unto others. Allah Ta`ala has honoured this Ummat.’”

Two points are worth noting here:

1)      At the time of Hadhrat Isaa’s (alayhis salaam) descension, the Muslim Ummat will have a pious and just leader.

2)      The fact that Hadhrat Isa (AS) will ask this Imaam to lead the Salaat is ample proof that he will be a pious and virtuous Imaam.

Now the question arises as to whether this Imaam is in fact Imaam Mahdi (AS)? The excellent qualities and traits of this pious Imaam are borne out by numerous Ahaadith. His name, Muhammad Ibn Abdillah, has also been mentioned in numerous Ahaadith. In a nar- ration reported in Masnad Al Haarith Ibn Abi Usaamah, and exact nar- ration such as this one is reported by Hadhrat Jaabir (radhiyallahu anhu), wherein he states the word, Al Mahdi, after the words ‘their Ameer’. This narration becomes a Tafseer of the Hadith which appears in Muslim Shareef.

Examine the narration which appears in Musnad Al Haarith Bin Usaamah:

“It is reported from Jaabir (radhiyallahu anhu), who says that Rasu- lullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘A group from my Ummat will always be engaged in fighting upon the Haqq (and) they will be victorious until (just before the advent of) The Day of Qiyaamah… Isaa Ibn Maryam (AS) will descend and their Ameer, Al Mahdi, will say to him, ‘Come and lead our Salaat’. He will reply, ‘No! some of you are leaders unto others. Allah Ta`ala has honoured this Ummat.’”

Regarding this Hadith, Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) states in Al Manaarul Muneef , “Isnaaduhu Jayyidun” (Its chain of narrators is excellent). It is very clear and evident that this narration forms an interpretation and dilation of the narration which appears in Muslim Shareef. Those Ahaadith wherein the name of Imaam Mahdi (AS) is not mentioned, and he is merely described as a pi-ous/virtuous man, are clarified by other Ahadith which describes Imaam Mahdi with clarity.There are other narrations which clearly state that the person who will ask Hadhrat Isa (AS) to lead the Salaat will be Imaam Ma- hdi (AS). Therefore, in the above-mentioned Hadith, the pi- ous/virtuous man who will ask Hadhrat Isa (AS) to lead the Salaat is Imaam Mahdi (AS). In the Saheehain his name is not given but owing to the narration which appears in Sanad Al Harith, we come to know that the pious/virtuous Imaam who will ask Hadhrat Isa (AS) to lead the Salaat will be Imaam Mahdi (AS).

Allamah Siddiq Hasan Qanooji (RA) has compiled a large number of Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) in his Kitaab, Al-Izaa`a. At the end, he quotes the above-mentioned nar- ration from Muslim Shareef and comments, “The word, ‘Mahdi’ is not mentioned in this Hadith, but in this Hadith and other such Ahaadith, there is no possibility of this person being any other, than the awaited Mahdi, as can be borne out by the above-mentioned Ahaadith and nu- merous narrations.”

The Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) in Kitaabs other than the Saheehain

There are too many Ahaadith which appear in other Ahaadith Kitaabs, besides the Saheehain, wherein mention is made of Imaam Mahdi (AS). Hereunder we will mention a few:

1. “It is reported from Abu Saeed Khudri (radhiyallahu anhu), who says that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘I give you the glad tidings of Mahdi, who will be sent at the time when there will be great differences amongst the people, and earthquakes. The earth will then be filled with justice just as it was filled with oppression and rebellion. The inhabitants of the heavens and earth will be pleased with him. He will distribute wealth with ‘Sihaah’. A Sahaabi asked, ‘What is meant by ‘Sihaah’? Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) replied, ‘With Equality and justice. Allah Ta’ala will fill the hearts of the Um- mat of Muhammad with peace and contentment, and their jus- tice will permeate and become widespread….’” [Narrated by Ahmad]

Haafizul Hadith, Allamah Nooruddeen Abul Hasan Bin Ali Bin Abi Bakr Ibn Sulaimaan Al-Haythami (RA) has mentioned in Majmu`us Zawaahid, that Imaam Ahmad Ibn Hambal (RA) has narrated this Hadith through various chains. Imaam Abu Ya`la has reported it with brevity. The narrators of both are reliable.

2. “It has been reported by Abu Huraira (radhiyallahu anhu) that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) mentioned regarding Mahdi and he said, ‘He will reign for a period of seven years, eight years or nine years. He will fill the earth with justice and equality just as it was filled with oppression and rebel- lion.” [Bazaaz]

Allamah Haithami (RA) mentioned that the narrators in the Hadith narrated by Bazaaz are reliable. Nevertheless, some have stated some of the narrators to be unreliable.

3. “It has been reported by Abu Hurairah that he said, Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘There will be in my Ummat a Mahdi, who will reign for seven years, or eight years or nine years. My Ummat will receive such benefits which they had never before experienced. The skies will be opened up for them. The earth will not withhold anything of its vegetation. A person will stand up and say, ‘O Mahdi! Give me.’ He will say to the man, ‘Take!’ (as much as you please).” [Tibrani]

Hadhrat Imaam Haithami (RA) stated that Imaam Tabri (RA) has narrated this Hadith in his Ausat and that all the narrators thereof are reliable.

4. Imaam Abu Dawood (RA) has compiled one chapter in his Sunan, which begins with The first Kitaab of Mahdi and ends with The last Kitaab of Mahdi. In this compilation, Imaam Abu Dawood narrates 13 Ahaadith.

5. Imaam Abu Dawood, (RA) reports from Hadhrat Aasim Ibn Abi Najood, who reports from Janaab Zarr (RA), who in turn reports from Hadhrat Abdul- lah Ibn Mas`ood (radhiyallahu anhu) that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “If there remains even one day for the existence of this earth, Allah will extend that day until He sends therein a man from myself, or from my family. His name will conform to mine and his father’s name to my father’s. He will fill the earth with justice and equality just as it was filled with oppression and rebellion.”

After narrating this Hadith, Imaam Abu Dawood and Imaam Munzari (rahmatullahi alayhima) remained silent (i.e. they did not comment anything on the reliability of the narrators). Similarly, Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) also remained silent regarding this

Hadith in Tahzeeb. However, in his second Kitaab, Al Minaarul Mu- neef, he had indicated towards the authenticity of this narration. Al- lamah Ibn Taymia has mentioned regarding the authenticity of this Hadith in Minhaajus Sunnah. Allamah Baghawi (RA) has also narrated this Hadith without any criticisms against it. Allamah Baanwi (RA) has mentioned in Takhreej Ahaadithul Mishkaat, that this narration is reliable.

The general view regarding Aasim Ibn Abi Najood (RA)

This Hadith stems from Hadhrat Aasim Ibn Abi Najood (RA). We will mention a few statements and views regarding this nar- rator as they appear in the Kitaab, Aunul Ma`bood Sharah Sunan Abi Dawood,

Aasim is the son of Abul Najood. Abul Najood Bahdalah’s (RA) name is amongst the names of the Sab`ah Qurraas.

Imaam Ahmad Bin Hambal (RA) said, “He is a pious man and I prefer his Qiraat as well.”

Imaam Ahmad Bin Hambal and Imaam Abu Zur`ah (rahmatullahi alayhima) have categorized him as reliable.

Hadhrat Abu Haatim (RA) said, “His rank is amongst the rank of the truthful ones. He is a reliable narra- tor.”

Imaam Abu Ja`far Al Uqaili (RA) says, “There is nothing wrong with him except his not being a Haafiz (e- hadith).”

Imaam Daar-e-Qutni (RA) said, “There is a flaw in his Hifz, (nevertheless) Imaam Bukhari and Muslim have narrated from him in their Saheehs.”

Allamah Zahbi (RA) said, “He is truthful”. Therefore, Imaam Zahbi has accepted narrations from him.

In Summary, Hadhrat Aasim Ibn Bahdalah (RA) is re- garded as reliable and authentic by Imaam Ahmad Ibn Hambal and Imaam Zur`a (rahmatullahi alayhima). Others regard his narrations as reliable and worthy of recognition. If any criticism can be levelled against him then the only one is that of a defective Hifz, and nothing else. Merely on account of this small flaw, his narrations cannot be left out or ignored. He is not the only narrator of this Hadith. It has been narrated through other chains as well. It is incorrect and unjustified to censure and rebuke Aasim Ibn Bahdalah merely on account of conjec- ture and rumours.

6. Imaam Abu Dawood (RA) narrates in his Sunan from Hadhrat Sahal Bin Tamaam Ibn Badee` who reports from Imraan Al Qattaan, who reports from Qataadah, who reports from Abu Nasrah, who reports from Hadhrat Abu Saeed Khudri (radhiyallahu anhu) that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “Al Mahdi is from me (my progeny), (he has a) broad and illuminated forehead and a high nose. He will fill the earth with justice and equality just as it was filled with oppression and rebellion. He will rule for seven years.”

Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) states in Al Manaarul Muneef, “Imaam Abu Dawood has narrated this Hadith through an excellent chain.”

Allamah Baghawi and Sheikh Al Baani (rahmatullahi alayhima) have categorized this Hadith as reliable and authentic, in Masaabihus Sunnat and Takhreej Ahaadithul Mishkaat respectively.

7. Imaam Ibn Maajah (RA) reports in his Sunan from Muhammad Ibn Yahya and Ahmad Ibn Yusuf from Ab- dur Razaaq who reports from Hadhrat Sufyaan Thauri (RA) who reports from Khaaleed Al Khudaa`i (RA) who reports from Abi Qulaabah, who re- ports from Abus Samaa`ir Raji, who reports from Hadhrat Thaubaan (radhiyallahu anhu) that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wa- sallam) said, “Three persons will fight at your treasure (The Kaabah). They will be the sons of the Khulafaa. They will not even come near one another when black flags will be raised from the east. They will come to fight you, such a fight that has never been witnessed before.” The narrator says that Nabi sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said something further which he cannot remember. Then Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said,

“When you see it (this army), then you should take ba`it to him, even though you have to traverse ice to get to him, because he is the Khalifah Mahdi.”

Sheikh Abdul Baaqi Muhammad Fuaad (RA) states in his Ta`leeq Ala Sunan Ibn Majah that Allamah Basari (RA) stated in his Zawaa`id Ibn Majah that the chain of narrators of this Hadith are reliable and the personalities are truthful.

Imaam Haakim (RA) has narrated this Hadith in his Mustadrak and stated that the chain of narrators of this Hadith con- forms to the standards laid down by the Sheikhain (Imaams Bukhari and Muslim).

Allamah Ibn Katheer (RA) has also mentioned this Hadith in his Kitaabul Fitan wal Malaahim and confirmed the authen- ticity and reliability of the chain of narrators.

8. Imaam Abu Dawood (RA) narrates in his Sunan that Ahmad Ibn Ebrahim reports from Abdullah Ibn Ja`far who reports from Abul Maleehul Hasan Bin Umar who reports from Ziyaad Bin Ali who reports from Saeed Ibn Musayyib, who re- ports from Hadhrat Umme Salmah (radhiyallahu anha) who re- ports that she heard Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) saying,

“Al Mahdi is from my progeny, from the children of Faatimah (radhiyallahu anha).” Ibn Majah (RA) narrates from Saeed Ibn Musayyib (radhiyallahu anhu) who stated, “We were with Umme Salmah who was telling us about Mahdi. She said, ‘I heard Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) saying, ‘Al Mahdi will be from the children of Faatimah.’”

This Hadith was narrated by Allamah Suyuti (RA) in his Al Jaamius Sagheer and he indicated towards its reliability and au- thenticity. It has also been authenticated and vouched for by Allamah Baghawi in his Masaabehus Sunnah and by Al Baani in his Takhreej

Ahaadithil Mishkaat.

9. Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) mentions in his Al Minaarul Muneef that Haarith Ibn Usamah (RA) stated in his Musnad, “Ismail Bin Abdil Kareem reports to us, Ibrahim Bin Aqeel reports to us, from his father, from Wahab Bin Munabbah, from Jaabir (radhiyallahu anhu) who said, ‘Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘Isa Bin Maryam will descend and their Ameer, Al Mahdi, will say,

‘Come and lead the Salaat for us,’ He (Hadhrat Isa – alaihis salaam) will reply, ‘No, Indeed some of you are leaders over others. Allah has honoured this Ummat.”

Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) has vouched for the reliabil- ity of this narration. He states, “I have inspected this Hadith and con- sulted with the experts in this field, and have concluded that the begin- ning to end of this narration is cohesive.” He also mentioned that there is no break/flaw in this narration. All the above narrators are known to the Muhadditheen and their characteristics and details are available for inspection.

The views of the senior Aimmah regarding the belief in Imaam Mahdi (AS)

Hereunder we will present a few views of the Aimmah with regard to the Ahaadith narrated about Imaam Mahdi (AS), wherefrom we can clearly understand the necessity for believing in his coming.

Haafiz Abu Ja`far Aqeeli and the Ahaadith of Imaam Mahdi (AS)

Haafiz-e-Hadith, Hadhrat Abu Ja`far Aqeeli (RA) [passed away 323 A.H.] has certified the Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) as being reliable and authentic. Haafiz Ibn Ha- jar (RA) states in Tahzeebut Tahzeeb, “There are many other reliable Ahaadith regarding Mahdi besides this one (cited by Abu Ja`far Aqeeli in his Kitaab)”

Haafiz Ibn Hibbaan Al Busti’s respected view

Haafiz Ibn Hibbaan Al Busti (RA) [passed away 304 A. H] says that the Hadith, “An era will not dawn over you except that the previous one was worse than it”, refers specifically to the era of Imaam Mahdi (AS) and it does not refer to any general era. Haafiz Ibn Hajar (RA) states in Fathul Baari, which is the commentary of Bukhari, commenting on the narration of Hadhrat Anas (radhiyallahu anhu), “An era will not dawn….” -- “The Hadith of Anas (radhiyallahu anhu) cannot be construed as a general one, owing to the Ahaadith narrated regarding Mahdi, that he will fill the earth with justice and equality just as it was filled with oppression and injustice.”

Allamah Khattaabi and the Ahaadith of Imaam Mahdi (AS)

Allamah Khattaabi (RA) states in commenting on the Hadith, “Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘Qiyaamah will not dawn upon you until time becomes restricted, and a year will be- come like a month and a month like a day”, that this Hadith refers ei- ther to the era of Imaam Mahdi (AS) or Hadhrat Isa (AS), or it could refer to both their eras.

Hadhrat Mullah Ali Qaari (RA) states in Mirqaat, which is the commentary of Mishkaat, that the era where both, Imaam Mahdi (AS) and Hadhrat Isa (AS), will be in, will be the one which will pass very quickly as stated in the Hadith. The author of Tuhfatul Ahwazi has also inclined towards this view.

Imaam Baihaqi (RA) and the Ahaadith of Imaam Mahdi (AS)

Imaam Baihaqi (RA) [passed away in 458 A.H.] stated regarding the Hadith, “There is no Mahdi except Isaa Bin Maryam (alaihi salaam)”, that the Ahaadith regarding the coming of Imaam Mahdi (AS) are more authentic and reliable. Haafiz Ibn Ha- jar (RA) had quoted this statement of Imaam Baihaqi (RA) in Tahzeebut Tahzeeb. The narrators of the above- mentioned Hadith are criticised.

The famous Hanafi Qaadhi, Hadhrat Ayaaz (RA) [passed away 544 A.H.] compiled a separate chapter in his Kitaab, As- Shifa, under the caption regarding Mu`jizaat, which is subdivided into three parts. At the end of this chapter, he stated regarding the prophe- cies of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and regarding his being in- formed about the unseen. This is listed under the caption, “He does not speak from his own desire”. Qaadhi Ayaaz (RA) also lists a number of Ahaadith regarding the coming of Imaam Mahdi (AS).

Imaam Qurtubi (RA) and the belief regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS)

The famous Mufassir of the Qur`aan Majeed, Hadhrat Imaam Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Abi Bakr Al Qurtubi (RA) [passed away 671 A.H.] states regarding the narration, “There is no Mahdi except Isaa Bin Maryam (alaihi salaam)” that its chain of narrators are weak. He states further that Imaam Mahdi (AS) will be from the progeny of Hadhrat Faatimah (radhiyallahu anha) and that the Ahaadith regarding the coming of Imaam Mahdi (AS) in the last era are authentic and reliable. Therefore, the above-mentioned narration is not to be relied upon and cannot be used as a guide, since there are other authentic and Mutawaatir Ahaadith which abrogate it. He also states an interpretation for this narration that the possible reason for Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) having mentioned that

“There is no Mahdi except Isaa Bin Maryam (alaihi salaam)” was that there will be no complete and sinless Mahdi (Guide) except Hadhrat Isa (AS). Imaam Qurtubi (RA) states that this interpretation to the narration offers a suitable reconciliation between the various narrations, which appear to be contradictory.

Allamah Suyuti (RA) has also quoted this statement and commentary of Allamah Qurtubi (RA).

Sheikhul Islam, Ibn Taymia and the belief of the coming of Imaam Mahdi (AS)

Sheikhul Islam Ibn Taymia (RA) [passed away 768 A. H.] states in his Kitaab, Minhaajus Sunnah…on page 211, vol.1, “Chapter: However, that which he (here he is referring to some Shiah scholar) narrates via Ibn Umar (radhiyallahu anhu) about Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) that he said, ‘A man will emerge in the final era from my progeny. His name will be like mine and his title will be like mine. He will fill the earth with justice just as it was filled with oppression. He will be Al-Mahdi.” The answer to this is that the Ahaadith which refer to the coming of Imaam Mahdi are authentic and reliable. Imaam Abu Dawood, Imaam Tirmidhi and Imaam Ahmad Ibn Hambal (rahmatullahi alayhim) have all narrated such Ahaadith. For example, the Hadith of Hadhrat Ibn Mas`ood (radhiyallahu anhu) wherein he reports from Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam), ‘If there does not remain of this earth except one day, then Allah will lengthen that day until a man emerges who will be from me, or from my house- hold. His name will correspond to mine and his father’s name to my father’s. He will fill the earth with justice and equality just as it was filled with oppression and rebellion.” [Tirmidhi]

It is reported from Umme Salmah (radhiyallahu anha) that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, ‘Al-Mahdi is from my progeny, from the offspring of Faatimah.” [Abu Dawood]. There is also the narration of Hadhrat Ali (radhiyallahu anhu) who looked towards his son, Hasan and said, ‘Indeed this son of mine, as Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) mentioned, soon a man will be borne of him, whose name will be the name as that of your Nabi. His character and habits will be like his (i.e. Nabi - sallallahu alayhi wasallam), but not his features. He will fill the earth with justice.”

Allamah Haafiz Ibn Qayyim (RA) and the belief regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS)

Hadhrat Allamah Haafiz Ibn Qayyim (RA) states re- garding the Hadith, “There is no Mahdi except Isaa Bin Maryam (alaihi salaam)” that the narrators thereof are unreliable and he also states that there are numerous Ahaadith regarding the coming of Imaam Mahdi (AS) that he will be from the progeny of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and that he will fill the earth with justice and reign for about seven years. Also that he will be reigning at the time of the descension of Hadhrat Isa (AS). He will also be of some assistance in the slaying of Dajjaal. He will also lead the Salaat for the Ummat, such that even Hadhrat Isa (AS) will follow him in Salaat.

Does The Mahdi refer to Hadhrat Isa (AS)?

Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) states that the Ahaadith regarding Imaam Mahdi (AS) are of four types, authentic, reliable, weak and concocted. Similarly, there are four views regarding the coming of Imaam Mahdi (AS) in the final era. One of the views is that The Mahdi refers to Hadhrat Isa (AS). The proponents of this view have used the above-mentioned Hadith as a proof. As a matter of fact, even they have acceded to the fact that this narration is not 100% reliable.

Even if we assume that this narration is reliable, still too, it cannot be used to refute the coming of Imaam Mahdi (AS). The reason being that between Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and the advent of Qiyaamah, Hadhrat Isa (alaihis sa- laam) will be the greatest Mahdi (Guide), as is borne out by the various Ahaadith. He will descend on the east Minaarat of the Musjid in Da- mascus and he will rule in accordance to the Qur`aan Majeed. He will fight the Jews and Christians and take Jizya from them. During his reign all the religions will dissipate. It will be true to say that he will be the Mahdi (guide), and besides him there will be no other. Although there will be another man who will be Imaam Mahdi (AS). Therefore, when Hadhrat Isa (AS) is referred to as The Ma- hdi it implies that he will be the perfect, complete and sinless Guide.

Has Mahdi already passed in the previous generations?

Another view is that the Mahdi which is mentioned in the Ahaadith re- fers to a ruler from amongst the Bani Abbaas, who lived in some past era. In substantiation of this view, the proponents have quoted the two Ahaadith which mention regarding the carriers of the black flags, who will come from Khurasaan or the east.

Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) has categorized both these Ahaadith as weak. He has also cited the substantiating views of other Muhaditheen. He says that even if these narrations are accepted as true and reliable, then too, it cannot be held as proof that the Mahdi has al- ready passed in the previous era and that he was from the Bani Abbaas. He states that these Ahaadith refer to a specific person who will emerge during the final era. The term “Mahdi” is also a general term which can be used more loosely to apply to many other personalities as well. For example, Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “My Sunnat is binding upon you and the Sunnat of the Khulafaa Raashideen Mahdiyeen, those who come after me…” This Hadith refers to the Khulafaa-e-Rashideen as also being Mahdis. Imaam Ahmad Ibn Ham- bal (RA) also stated that Hadhrat Umar Bin Abdil Azeez (RA) was also a Mahdi from amongst the Mahdis.

Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) states that there is no doubt that Hadhrat Umar Bin Abdil Azeez (RA) was also a Mahdi, but he is not the Mahdi of the final era, who is referred to in the Ahaadith. Just as there are many small dajjaals and liars besides the big Dajjaal, who is to come before Qiyaamah, there are many Mahdis besides the actual Imaam Mahdi (AS).

Mahdi will be in the final era and from the Ahle Bait

The third view is that Imaam Mahdi (AS) will be in the fi- nal era and he will be from the progeny of Hadhrat Hasan Ibn Ali (radhiyallahu anhuma). Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) states that this view is the best and most preferred view, which is sub- stantiated by the many Ahaadith narrated in this regard. Most of the Ahaadith indicate to the fact that he will be from the family of Hadhrat Hasan Bin Ali (radhiyallahu anhuma). This is the authentic view of the Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama’ah.

Hidden Imaam

Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) states the fourth view as be- ing that held by the Shiahs that the Mahdi is their hidden final Imaam who will emerge in the final era. After citing the various views regard- ing the Mahdi of the final era, he states, “Nevertheless, one of the views of the sect of Imaamiah is that the Mahdi of the final era is not Muhammad Ibn Abdillah, but Muhammad Ibn Hoosein Al-Askari, the awaited Mahdi, who is from the progeny of Hadhrat Hoosein Ibn Ali

(radhiyallahu anhu), and not from the progeny of Hadhrat Hasan Bin Ali (radhiyallahu anhu).

He is omnipresent but hidden from our sight. He disappeared in his youth, with the staff of Hadhrat Moosa (AS). This occurred in the 5th century after Hijri. Upto this day, he is still hidden.”

Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) wrote this around the year 751 A.H. Today, many, many centuries later, the situation and belief of the Rawaafidh and Shiahs is very much the same. It is quite clear and evident that they are astray and base their reliance on concocted and deviant narrations.

The Jews are also awaiting their Messiah

Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) states that shaitaan has for- mulated a trick on the Jews and created this belief amongst them that a person from amongst the children of Hadhrat Dawood (AS) will emerge and he will spread the name and fame of the Jews throughout the world. They are now awaiting this Messiah of theirs. In fact, they await not a Messiah of guidance, rather one of deviation. They await Dajjaal. The Jews will be the greatest aids and promoters of The Dajjaal. It will be due to this evil of theirs, that Hadhrat Isa (AS) will slaughter the Jews, so much that there will not re- main even one on the face of the earth.

The Ummat of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) has this belief that the Maseeh of the final era, Hadhrat Isa (AS) will descend and he will come to kill Dajjaal, break the cross, eliminate pigs and kill his enemies, the Jews.

In this regard, Allamah Ibn Qayyim (RA) states that the Muslims have an affinity to the family of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wa- sallam) and they await the advent of Imaam Mahdi (AS) who will spread justice and peace on earth which will replace oppression and rebellion.

Allamah Abul Hasan As-Samhudi (RA) and the belief regarding the emergence of Imaam Mahdi (AS)

Hadhrat Allamah Abul Hasan As-Samhudi (RA) [passed away 911 A.H.] states, “From the established narrations of The Prophet of the last era, Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam), we de- duce that he (Imaam Mahdi - alaihis salaam) is from the progeny of Hadhrat Faatimatuz Zahra (radhiyallahu anha). According to the nar- ration in Abu Dawood, he will be from the children of Hadhrat Hasan (radhiyallahu anhu)…”

The view of Haafiz Ibn Hajar (RA) Allamah Ibn Hajar Al Makki (RA) [passed away 974 A.H.] states in his Kitaab, Al Qowlul Mukhtasar Fi Alaamaatil Mahdi- yil Muntazar, “Belief in the awaited Mahdi, the emergence of Dajjaal, the descension of Hadhrat Isa (AS) and his performing Sa- laat behind Mahdi are all established from reliable and authentic Ahaadith. One should remember this also, that in whichever Hadith mention is made of a leader in the final era in close proximity to Qi- yaamah, it refers to Mahdi.”

Haafiz Ibn Katheer and belief in Mahdi

Haafiz Ibn Katheer (RA) states in Al-Fitan Wal Malaa- him, under the chapter Thikrul Mahdi Allazi Yakunu Fi Aakhiriz Zamaan (Mention of that Mahdi who will emerge in the final era), that the Mahdi of the final era will be from amongst the Khulafaa-e- Raashideen and Aimmah-e-Mahdiyeen. He states that the Mahdi of the final era is not that Mahdi which the Rawaafidh/Shias are awaiting. Their belief is based, not on any reliable information, but rather on concocted and spurious narrations. It will not be the Muhammad Ibn Hasan Al-Askari who according to them was born in 255 A.H. and who at the age of five miraculously disappeared, until the present day.

We are speaking here of that Mahdi who is described in the Ahaadith of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam). He will be born in the final era, in close proximity to Qiyaamah. Ibn Katheer (RA) states that his view is that this Mahdi will appear just before the de- scension of Hadhrat Isa (AS).

Also the narration of Hadhrat Ali (radhiyallahu anhu) which states that it is he (Imaam Mahdi - alaihis salaam) who will be born from the progeny of his son, Hadhrat Hasan (radhiyallahu anhu) and whose name will be like that of our Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and his father’s name will be like that of Nabi’s (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) father’s name.

Ibn Katheer (RA) also indicates towards the fact that it does not refer to anyone from the Bani Abbaas, from the previous eras. He has also stated that the Imaam Mahdi (AS) will be born after the reign of the Bani Abbaas and that he will be from the progeny of Hadhrat Faatimah (radhiyallahu anha). He has also indicated clearly that Imaam Mahdi (AS) will be from the offspring of Hadhrat Hasan (radhiyallahu anhu) and not Hadhrat Hussein

(radhiyallahu anhu), as is clearly borne out by the narration of Hadhrat Ali (radhiyallahu anhu).

Ibn Katheer (RA) narrates a Hadith from Ibn Majah, that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “Three persons will fight at your treasure (The Kaabah). They will be the sons of the Khulafaa. They will not even come near one another when black flags will be raised from the east. They will come to fight you, such a fight that has never been witnessed before.” The narrator says that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said something further which he cannot remember. Then Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “When you see it (this army), then you should take ba`it to him, even though you have to trav- erse ice to get to him, because he is the Khalifah Mahdi.”

Ibn Majah is alone in reporting this Hadith but the chain of narrators are reliable and authentic.

BELIEF REGARDING THE DEMISE AND BURIAL OF HADHRAT ISA (AS)

The object and aim of the return of Hadhrat Isa (AS) is de- scribed in the Qur`aan Majeed and the Ahaadith of Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam). Upon successful completion of his purpose and task— the entire world will testify to this— he will leave this worlds abode. He will be buried close to the grave of our Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) in Madinah Munawwarah. Hadhrat Abdullah Ibn Umar (radhiyallahu anhu) says that Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said that his brother, Hadhrat Isa (AS), will descend to earth and marry. He will also have children and remain on earth for 45 years.

“Then he will die and be buried with me, in my grave (i.e. very close to Rasulullah’s grave) On the Day of Qiyaamah, Isa and I will rise from one grave between Abu Bakr and Umar.” Narrated by Ibn Jauzi in Kitaabul Wafaa. [Mishkaat, page 480]

Hadhrat Imaam Abu Bakr Aajari [passed away 360 A.H.], writes in a treatise,”Then Isa (AS) will pass away. The Muslims will perform (Janaazah) Salaat for him, and bury him with Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam), Abu Bakr and Umar (radhiyallahu anhuma).” [As- Sharee`, page 381]

Hadhrat Allamah Muhibbud Deen Muhammad Bin Mahmood, known as Ibn Najjaar, [passed away 643 A.H.], writes, quoting from the his- torians, “There is a space on the eastern side of his (Nabi - sallallahu alayhi wasallam) house, (regarding which) Saeed Bin Musayyib says that Isa Bin Maryam will be buried.” [Wafaa-ul-Wafaa, page 558, vol.2]

Hadhrat Moulana Mullah Ali Qaari (RA) [passed away 1014 A.H.] writes, “Indeed Isa will be buried on the side of our Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam), between him and Sheikhain (Hadhrat Abu Bakr and Umar).” [Jam`ul Wasaa`il, page 563]

He states in Sharah Fiqhul Akbar, page 136, “Indeed he (Isa – alaihis salaam) will be buried between Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and Siddiq (Hadhrat Abu Bakr – radhiyallahu anhu). It is reported that he will be buried after Sheikhain. Hence blessed are Sheikhain that they are buried between two prophets.”

From this it is established that Hadhrat Isa (AS) will be bur- ied in Madinah Munawwarah next to Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) and that he will rise up with Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) on the Day of Qiyaamah.

After the demise of Hadhrat Isa (AS) evil will spread slowly onto earth and gain momentum until the advent of Qiyaamah, when it will be at its peak.

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These many references have been extracted from Daarul Uloom Deo- band’s monthly magazine, Daarul Uloom which published the articles of Al-Ustaaz Abdul Hasan Ibn Ahmad al-Ibaad and of Haafiz Muham- mad Iqbal Rangoon.

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Imam Mahdi (Descendent of Prophet Muhammad PBUH)

by Mufti A.H. Elias and Mohammad Ali ibn Zubair Ali

Who Is Imam Mahdi?

Note: Please do not confuse Imam Mahdi with Hadhrat Isa (Jesus) Alayhis Salaam. They are two different persons, and both will come during the last days. According to Hadeeth, Imam Mahdi will appear first, and Hadhrat Isa (A.S.) will appear during Imam Mahdi's lifetime. Furthermore, only Hadhrat Isa (A.S.) will be able to kill Dajjal (the "anti-Christ").

The term "MAHDI" is a title meaning "The Guided one".

 Hadhrat Abdullah bin Mas'ood (R.A.) says that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said, "This world will not come to an end until one person from my progeny does not rule over the Arabs, and his name will be the same as my name." (Tirmidhi)

 Hadhrat Ali (R.A.) narrates that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said, "Even if only a day remains for Qiyamah to come, yet Allah will surely send a man from my family who will fill this world with such justice and fairness, just as it initally was filled with oppression." (Abu Dawood)

His Features

 Hadhrat Abu Saeed Khudri (R.A.) relates that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said, "Al Mahdi will be from my progeny. His forehead will be broad and his nose will be high. He will fill the world with justice and fairness at a time when the world will be filled with oppression. He will rule for seven years."

Other ahadeeth inform us that:

* He will be tall

* He will be fair complexioned

* His facial features will be similar to those of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam)

* His character will be exactly like that of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam)

* His father's name will be Abdullah

* His mother's name will be Aamina

* He will speak with a slight stutter and occasionally this stutter will frustrate him causing him to hit his hand upon his thigh.

* His age at the time of his emergence will be forty years

* He will receive Knowledge from Allah.

His Emergence and Rule

 Hadhrat Umme Salmah (R.A.) narrates that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said, " After the death of a Ruler there will be some dispute between the people. At that time a citizen of Madina will flee (from Madinah) and go to Makkah. While in Makkah, certain people will approach him between Hajrul Aswad and Maqaame Ibraheem, and forcefully pledge their allegiance to him.

Thereafter a huge army will proceed from Syria to attack him but when they will be at Baida, which is between Makkah and Madina, they will be swallowed into the ground.

On seeing this, the Abdaals of Shaam as well as large numbers of people from Iraq will come to him and pledge their allegiance to him. Then a person from the Quraish, whose uncle will be from the Bani Kalb tribe will send an army to attack him, only to be overpowered, by the will of Allah. This (defeated) army will be that of the Bani Kalb. Unfortunate indeed is he who does not receive a share from the booty of the Kalb. This person (Imam Mahdi) will distribute the spoils of war after the battle. He will lead the people according to the Sunnat and during his reign Islam will spread throughout the world. He will remain till seven years (since his emergence). He will pass away and the Muslims will perform his Janazah salaat." (Abu Dawood)

According to a Hadeeth, Sayyidena Eesa (A.S.) will lead the Janaazah of Imam Mahdi (A.S.).

While the people will be pledging their allegiance to Imaam Mahdi, a voice from the unseen will call out:

"This is the representative of Allah,

The Mahdi, listen to him and obey him"

This announcement which will be heard by all those present will establish his authenticity. Another sign which will indicate the authenticity of Imaam Mahdi wil be that in the Ramadhaan prior to his emergence an eclipse of the sun and moon will occur.

 Hadhrat Abu Umamah (R.A.) says that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: "There will be four peace agreements between you and the Romans. The fourth agreement will be mediated through a person who will be from the progeny of Hadhrat Haroon (A.S.) and will be upheld for seven years."

The people asked: "O Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam), who will be the Imaam of the people at the time?"

 Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: "He will be from my progeny and will be forty years of age. His face will shine like a star and he will have a black spot on his left cheek. He will don two "Qutwaani" cloaks and will appear exactly as a person from the Bani Israeel..." (Tabrani)

 According to hadith narrated by Abu Saeed Khudri (R.A.) Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: "...(regarding the rule of Imaam Mahdi) the skies will rain down in abundance and the earth will yield forth its crop in abundance, and those alive will desire that those who have already passed away should have been alive to enjoy this prosperity..."

 Hadhrat Buraidah (R.A.) says that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: "There will be many armies after me. You must join that army which will come from Khurasaan." (Ibn Adi)

 Abu Hurairah (R.A.) says that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: "(Armies carrying) black flags will come from Khurasaan. No power will be able to stop them and they will finally reach Eela (Baitul Maqdas) where they will erect their flags."

From: "Signs of Qiyamah"

by Mohammed Ali Ibn Zubair Ali

 More Hadeeth (with references) (contributed by Bradley Bilal).

1) The Prophet (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) said: "Even if the entire duration of the world's existence has already been exhausted and only one day is left (before the day of judgment), Allah will expand that day to such a length of time, as to accommodate the kingdom of a person from my Ahlul-Bayt who will be called by my name. He will fill out the earth with peace and justice as it will have been full of injustice and tyranny (by then)."

References:

Sahih al-Tirmidhi, v2, p86, v9, pp 74-75

Sunan Abu Dawud, v2, p7

Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v1, pp 84,376; V3, p63

2) The Prophet (PBUH and HF) said: "al-Mahdi is one of us, the members of the household (Ahlul-Bayt)."

Reference: Sunan Ibn Majah, v2, Tradition #4085

3) The Prophet (PBUH and HF) said: The Mahdi will be of my family, of the descendants of Fatimah (the daughter of the Prophet (PBUH)).

References:

Sunan Abu Dawud, English version, Ch. 36, Tradition #4271 (narrated by Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet)

Sunan Ibn Majah, v2, Tradition #4086

4) The Prophet (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) said: "We (I and my family) are members of a household that Allah (SWT) has chosen for them the life of the Hereafter over the life of this world; and the members of my household (Ahlul-Bayt) shall suffer a great affliction and they shall be forcefully expelled from their homes after my death; then there will come people from the East carrying black flags, and they will ask for some good to be given to them, but they shall be refused service; as such, they will wage war and emerge victorious, and will be offered that which they desired in the first place, but they will refuse to accept it till they pass it to a man from my family (Ahlul-Bayt) appears to fill the Earth with justice as it has been filled with corruption. So whoever reaches that (time) ought to come to them even if crawling on the ice/snow since among them is the Vice-regent of Allah (Khalifatullah) al-Mahdi."

References:

Sunan Ibn Majah, v2, Tradition #4082,

The History Tabari

al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqah, by Ibn Hajar, Ch. 11, section 1, pp 250-251

5) Abu Nadra reported: We were with the company of Jabir Ibn Abdillah... Jabir Ibn Abdillah kept quite for a while and then reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) having said: "There would be a Caliph in the last (period) of my Ummah who would freely give handfuls of wealth to the people without counting it." I said to Abu Nadra and Abu al-Ala: Do you mean Umar Ibn Abd al-Aziz? They said: NO, (he would be Imam Mahdi).

References:

Sahih Muslim, English version, v4, chapter MCCV, p1508, Tradition #6961

Sahih Muslim, Arabic version, Kitab al-Fitan, v4, p2234, Tradition #67

6) "al-Mahdi is from our Ahlul-Bayt, no doubt Allah will enforce his appearance within a night (i.e., his coming is very unpredictable and is very sudden)."

References: Sunan Ibn Majah, v2, p269

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