Part 1
Resources
Type Arabic onscreen with an oline Keyboard
Look at the pronouns below and read on your fingers 7 times. Ignore the attached pronouns for the time being. We have drawn a picture for you to understand this memorisation technique even further.
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Detached Pronouns |
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Third Person Masculine |
He |
Huwa |
هُو |
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Them (2 He) |
Huma |
هُمَا |
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They (3+ He) |
Hum |
هُم |
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Third Person Feminine |
She |
Hiya |
هِيَ |
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Them (2 She) |
Huma |
هُمَا |
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They (3+ She) |
Hunna |
هُنَّ |
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Second Person Masculine |
You (Male) |
Anta |
أنتَ |
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You (2, Male) |
Antuma |
أنتُمَا |
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You (3+ Male) |
Antum |
أنتُم |
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Second Person Feminine |
You (Female) |
Anti |
أنتِ |
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You (2, Female) |
Antuma |
أنتُمَا |
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You (3+, Female) |
Antunna |
أنتُنَّ |
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First Person |
I |
Anna |
أنَا |
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We |
Nahnu |
نَحنُ |
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Part 2
Vocabulary
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The Prophet |
Ar-Rasulu |
الرَّسُولُ |
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The Ka'bah |
Al-Ka'batu |
الْكَعْبَةُ |
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The son |
Al-Ibnu |
الابْنُ |
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The Name |
Al-Ismu |
الاسْمُ |
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The Maternal Uncle |
Al-Khalu |
الْخَالُ |
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The Paternal Uncle |
Al-Am'mu |
الْعَمُّ |
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The Car |
As-Sayyaratu |
السَّيَّارَةُ |
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The Bag |
Al-Haqeebatu |
الحَقِيبَةُ |
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Closed |
Mughlaqun |
مُغْلَقٌ |
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The Road/The Street |
Ash-Sha'riu |
الشَّارِعُ |
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There |
Hunaaka |
هُنَاكَ |
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Under |
Tah'ta |
تَحْتَ |
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Above |
Faw'qa |
فَوْقَ |
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In front |
Amama |
أَمَامَ |
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Behind |
Khal'fa |
خَلْفَ |
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The Female teacher |
Al-Mudarrisatu |
الْمُدَّرِسَةُ |
Al-Idfaha (Possessive phrase):
These are two "Nouns" in Arabic with one posessing the other. In English "Pen of Bilal", "Book of Aisha". To convert into Arabic there are two rules:
The item which is the possession comes first e.g. "Pen", "Book". Interestingly this first (noun) in Arabic will neither have Tanween nor "ال" and thats the sign that this phrase is Al-Idfaha (Possessive phrase). This first noun of the phrase is called "Mudaf" مُضَاف
قَلَمُ
كتابُ
The item which is the possessor comes second e.g. "Bilal", "Aisha". Interestingly this secon (noun) in Arabic will ALWAYS be Majroor. This second noun of the phrase is called "Mudaf Ileh" مُضَاف إلَيْه
بَلالٍ
عائشةِ
Recall that Masculine names always get Tanween on the letter and Feminine names always get a single Harakah on the last letter
So together the Al-Idfaha (Possessive phrase) will be:
- "Pen of Bilal" قَلَمُ بَلالٍ
- كتابُ عائشةِ "Book of Aisha"
Please note that I want you to use "Pen of Bilal" in English instead of "Bilal's Pen"!
Exercise:
Translate the following into Arabic and indicate "Mudaf" مُضَاف and "Mudaf Ileh" مُضَاف إلَيْه
- Kitaab of Allah
- Rasool of Allah
- Religion of Allah
- Masjid of Rasool
- Jannah of Allah
Remember:
- Reverse the order of the words i.e. possessed item will come first
- Possessed item i.e. "Mudaf" مُضَاف will neither have Tanween nor "ال"
- Possesser i.e. "Mudaf Ileh" مُضَاف إلَيْه will be Majroor.
- مُضَاف إلَيْه will determine the whole structure being definite or indefinite so check for "ال" on مُضَاف إلَيْه
Part 3
Vocative Particle يا :
"Yaa" يا is always used to address/call someone who is present and can respond to you.
When using vocative particle "Yaa" يا in front of a single name, you have learned masculine names in Arabic carry Tanween (Dammatain) by default, e.g:
مَحَمَّدٌ
خَالِدٌ
Female names ALWAYS carry a single Damma and here are some examples for you:
آمِنَةُ
فَاطِمَةُ
When "Yaa" يا is added to a masculine name e.g. when you want to call "Muhammad" or "Khalid" one of the Damma will drop!
يا مَحَمَّدُ
يا خَالِدُ
But when "Yaa" يا is added to a feminine name e.g. when you want to call "Amina" or "Fatima" no change occurs.
يا آمِنَةُ
يا فَاطِمَةُ
When "Yaa" يا in placed in front of this structure the Mudaf changes from being "Marfoo" to "Mansoob"
عَبدُاللهِ (Servant of Allah) will become يا عَبدَاللهِ (O! Servant of Allah)
رَسُولُ اللهِ (Servant of Allah) will become يا رَسُولَ اللهِ (O! Servant of Allah)
Adverb of Time ظَرْف الزَْمَانِ :
Noun through which a time period is expressed are known asظَرْف الزَْمَانِ and they are usually expressed as "Mudaf" مُضَاف which means that a "Mudaf Ileh" مُضَاف إلَيْه may follow it, the two common adverbs used in our lessons are as follows:
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After |
بَعْدَ |
Before |
قَبْلَ |
Adverb of Place ظَرْفُ المَكَانِ :
Noun through which a place or position is expressed are known as ظَرْفُ المَكَانِ and they are expressed as "Mudaf" مُضَاف which means that a "Mudaf Ileh" مُضَاف إلَيْه may follow it some of the common examples are as follows:
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Below |
تَحْتَ |
Above |
فَوقَ |
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Behind |
خَلْفَ |
In front of |
أَمَامَ |
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There |
مَبنَي) هُنَاكَ) |
Here |
مَبنَي) هُنَا) |
Five (5) times of Khabar:
أَلمُفرَدُ Single Word Khabar:
When the Khabar is only one word it has the following characteristics:
- It is generally indefinite
- It is Marfoo
- It agrees in gender with the Mubtada
أَلبَيتُ كَبِيرٌ
شَبْهُ الجُملَةِ Khabar as a Phrase
When the Khabar is a phrase (more than one word) but not a complete sentence it is called a شَبْهُ الجُملَةِ and it can never be Mubatada although sequentially it may be appear first , these are two different kinds of Khabar, below are examples of both:
- Jaar/Majroor
أَلقَلَمُ عَلي الْمَكتَبِ
- Zarf
أَلقَلَمُ تَحْتَ الْمَكتَبِ
أَلجُملَةُ الفِعلَيَةُ Khabar as a Verbal Sentence
When the Khabar is a complete verbal sentence
ذَهَبَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَي الْمَسجِدِ
ذَهَبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ إِلَي الْمَسجِدِ
أَلجُملَةُ الأَسْمِيَةُ Khabar as a Nominal Sentence
When the Khabar is a complete nominal sentence.
مُحَمَّدٌ أَخُوهُ طَبِيبٌ
فَاطِمَةُ أُختُهَا طَبِيبَةٌ
Sequencing of a verbal sentence أَلجُملَةُ الفِعلَيَةُ :
Usually the sequencing of a verbal sentence is as follows:
- Verb فِعْلٌ :
- Immediately followed by a subject فَاعِلٌ and it is Marfoo
- If an Object مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ is required, it is next and it is usually Mansoob :
The following verse of the Qur'aan should be memorised to remember the sequence of verbal sentences in Arabic:
[2:251]...David killed Goliath...
قَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ
In addition consider the following two examples:
ذَهَبَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَي الْمَسجِدِ
مُحَمَّدٌ ذَهَبَ إِلَي الْمَسجِدِ
In the first example Muhammad is the subject فَاعِلٌ because it appears immediately after the verb BUT in the second example Muhammad is NOT the فَاعِلٌ because it appears before it!
Remember the two rules from this section:
شَبْهُ الجُملَةِ can NEVER be Mubatada
فَاعِلٌ has to appear after the فِعْلٌ and NEVER before.
Part 4
Remember that Dr Abdur-Raheem doesn't want to have questions analysed!
سَعِيدٌ: أَكِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ هَـٰذَا يَا يَاسِرُ؟
Saeed: Is book of Muhammad, this? OR Is this book of Muhammad?
يَاسِرٌ: لاَ، هَـٰذَا كِتَابُ حَامِدٍ
Yasir: No, This is book of Hamid.
- هَـٰذَا is Mubatada
- كِتَابُ is Khabar and also Mudaf
- حَامِدٍ is Mudaf-Ileh
- كِتَابُ حَامِدٍ i.e. the whole of two words "togther" not is Khabar because حَامِدٍ is Majroor and Khabar is always Marfoo
سَعِيدٌ: أيْنَ كِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ؟
Saeed: Where is book of Muhammad?
يَاسِرٌ: هُوَ عَلَىٰ الْمَكْتَبِ هُنَاكَ
Yasir: It is on the table, there.
- هُوَ is Mubatada
- عَلَىٰ is Harf-Jaar or preposition
- الْمَكْتَبِ is Ism-Majroor
- عَلَىٰ الْمَكْتَبِ i.e. the whole of two words "togther"are Khabar
- هُنَاكَ is Zarf. Its a word which denotes a position of place e.g.here, there or time
سَعِيدٌ: أَيْنَ دَفْتَرُ عَمَّارٍ؟
Saeed: Where is exercise book of Ammar?
يَاسِرٌ: هُوَ عَلَىٰ مَكْتَبِ الْمُدَرِّس
سَعِيدٌ: قَلَمُ مَنْ هَـٰذَا؟
Saeed: Who's pen is this?
عَلِيٌّ: هَذَا قَلَمُ الْمُدَرِّسِ
Ali: This is the pen of the teacher.
سَعِيدٌ: أَيْنَ حَقِيبَةُ الْمُدَرِّسِ؟
Saeed: Where is the bag of the teacher?
عَلِيٌّ: هِيَ تَحْتَ الْمَكْتَب
Ali: It is under the table.
Here تَحْتَ is Zarf and very often the Zarf is followed by Mudaf-Ileh whereas in the previous example it was used by itself. Sometimes Zarf comes alone and sometimes it has a Mudaf-Ileh afterwards
Exercise: Write down the answer to the following questions from the Lesson.
أيْنَ كِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ؟
أَيْنَ دَفْتَرُ عَمَّارٍ؟
أَيْنَ حَقِيبَةُ الْمُدَرِّسِ؟
Exercise: Rewrite the words as Mudaf/Mudaf-Ileh combination with the correct vowel on the last letter and also translate into English
قلمٌ، حامدٌ
دكانٌ، تاجرٌ
سريرٌ، خالدٌ
اسمٌ، الولدُ
مفتاحٌ، السيارةُ
بيتٌ، الطبِيبُ
دفترٌ، سعيدٌ
قلمٌ، المهندسُ